cash-flow

Free Cash Flow

Cash from operations minus capital expenditures.

Free cash flow (FCF) represents the cash a business generates after accounting for capital expenditures needed to maintain or expand its asset base. It's the cash truly available for distribution to owners, debt repayment, or reinvestment. FCF is considered one of the most reliable indicators of financial health because it's harder to manipulate than net income.

Formula

Free Cash Flow = Operating Cash Flow − Capital Expenditures

Example

A business generates $120,000 in operating cash flow and spends $35,000 on equipment, resulting in $85,000 in free cash flow available for debt repayment or owner distributions.

Why It Matters for Your Business

Free cash flow shows how much money is truly available after keeping the business running—it's the real measure of what you can afford to reinvest or take home.

Related Terms

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