business

Variable Costs

Expenses that change with production or sales volume.

Variable costs fluctuate in direct proportion to business activity—as production or sales increase, variable costs rise, and vice versa. Examples include raw materials, shipping costs, sales commissions, and credit card processing fees. Understanding variable costs per unit is essential for pricing, contribution margin analysis, and break-even calculations.

Example

An e-commerce business selling handmade candles has variable costs of $4.50 per candle (wax, wick, jar, label, shipping)—selling 1,000 candles costs $4,500, while 2,000 costs $9,000.

Why It Matters for Your Business

Variable costs directly determine how much profit each additional sale generates, making them critical for pricing decisions and profitability analysis.

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